Abstract: Artemisia annua volatile oil has attracted increasing attention in recent years for its potent inhibitory effects on bacteria such as Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as fungi like Malassezia, along with its anti-inflammatory activity, making it valuable in the treatment of acne, respiratory diseases, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and hemorrhoids. Furthermore, due to its distinctive aroma and beneficial effects on the skin, Artemisia annua volatile oil has been widely incorporated into various cosmetic and personal care products. This article reviews recent advances in the extraction methods, main components, quality standards, formulations, applications, and toxicological studies of Artemisia annua volatile oil, aiming to provide a reference for its deeper development and utilization.