Abstract: Exploding market demand and the dramatic price increases have endangered the wild resource of the O. sinensis due to overharvest,which makes the artificial culture of the anamorph,an alternative for O. sinensis,have a broad market.Since many fungal species have been reported as the anamorph of O. sinensishas,identification of the true one becomes very important to standardize the market. In this study,the process of ascosporal microcyclic conidiation of O. sinensis was characterized and illustrated by presented the clear pictures.Hirsutella sinensis was identified as the anamorph of O. sinensis based on the evidences not only from the direct link of teleomorph-anamorph connection shown by the microcyclic conidiation, but also from the phylogenetic analysis of the ITS nrDNA sequences originated from O. sinensis and its allies.Additionally,growth rate of stroma,biomass and morphological features of discharged ascospores of O. sinensis were firstly revealed.