高吉权, 朱姗姗, 刘鹏飞. 洞庭湖底泥沉积物重金属分布与生态风险评价[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 41(4): 851-859. doi: 10.7540/j.ynu.20180567
引用本文: 高吉权, 朱姗姗, 刘鹏飞. 洞庭湖底泥沉积物重金属分布与生态风险评价[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 41(4): 851-859. doi: 10.7540/j.ynu.20180567
GAO Ji-quan, ZHU Shan-shan, LIU Peng-fei. Spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Yunnan University: Natural Sciences Edition, 2019, 41(4): 851-859. DOI: 10.7540/j.ynu.20180567
Citation: GAO Ji-quan, ZHU Shan-shan, LIU Peng-fei. Spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Yunnan University: Natural Sciences Edition, 2019, 41(4): 851-859. DOI: 10.7540/j.ynu.20180567

洞庭湖底泥沉积物重金属分布与生态风险评价

Spatial distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Dongting Lake

  • 摘要: 为了解洞庭湖底泥沉积物中重金属的分布特点,以及污染状况和生态风险,以洞庭湖3个湖区21个断面采样点的沉积物为研究对象,分析Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属的含量及分布特点,并采用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对污染状况进行评价. 结果表明,7种重金属的平均含量均超出洞庭湖水系背景值. 地累积指数Igeo值呈现Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Zn>Hg的规律. 综合地累积指数显示樟树港重金属污染为严重污染. 全湖沉积物重金属单因子风险值(Eri)均值呈现Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn的变化特征. 全湖总体生态风险属于重度污染. 其中蒋家嘴,虞公庙,樟树港,坡头潜在生态风险指数范围都超过了600,属于严重生态风险水平. 两种分析方法中樟树港都属于严重污染,需及时防控和治理.

     

    Abstract: In order to explore the concentrations, distribution characteristics, and ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake, the concentrations of seven heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg and As from the surface sediments of 21 sample sites of Dongting Lake was collected and determined. The index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk were applied to evaluate the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological risk. The results indicated that the concentrations of the 7 heavy metals in the surface sediments exceeded the standard background values in the sediment of Dongting Lake as follow: Cr>Zn>Pb>Cu>As>Cd>Hg. The value of index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) of heavy metals in the surface sediments followed the order of Cd>Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Zn>Hg, and the value of potential ecological risk followed the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn. The comprehensive index of geo-accumulation (Itot) showed serious pollution of heavy metals in the sediments of Zhangshugang site. The potential ecological risk of the whole Dongting Lake was determined as heavy pollution. The potential ecological risk (RI) of the Jiang jiazui, Yugongmiao, Zhangshugang and Potou was higher than 600, which led to serious ecological risk. Zhangshugang site was determined as heavily polluted by two analysis methods, which need to be controlled and remedied soon.

     

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