Abstract: Karyotype and chromosome number of Camellia saluenensis from three different localities were analyzed with traditional methods. The results are as follows: three Camellia saluenesis populations investigated are diploid with x=15, and the chromosome numbers is 2n=2x=30. The Xiangyun population’s karyotype formula is K (2n) =1M+27m+2sm, which belongs to 2A type. The Zhaotong population’s karyotype formula is K (2n) =21m（2sat）+9sm, which belongs to 2B type. The Yongping population’s karyotype formula is K (2n) =22m（1sat）+5sm（1sat）+3st, which belongs to 2B type. The populations from Zhaotong and Yongping have 2 satellites. Karyotype analysis results show that there is some differentiation among three populations and the difference is also shown in the the karyotype asymmetries.