Abstract: In order to systematically study the comprehensive effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on the lodging resistance and yield of rice, the long-term positioning test field and split-zone design applied. The results showed that appropriate nitrogen fertilizer dosage improved the lodging resistance of rice to some extent, mainly by increasing the basal internode folding resistance. The best application level of nitrogen fertilizer was 150 kg/hm² (N2 level), and basal I2 and I3 lodging indexes were reduced by 11%−33% and 24%−28% respectively compared to the high nitrogen treatment. Excessive phosphate fertilizer made base internode become longer, and the wall thickness decreased, the lodging index increased, the plant fell easily, and it could not be applied at the middle and high phosphorus levels. Nitrogen fertilizer also showed a high lodging index. Combined with the yield data, it was shown that the middle phosphorus and the middle nitrogen (N 150 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 120 kg/hm²) could significantly reduce the lodging risk of rice while ensuring the yield.