Abstract: Ophiocordyceps bispora was a species of the genus Ophiocordyceps. Abiotic factors and microorganisms play important roles in the growth, development and adaptation of Ophiocordyceps bispora.In this study, five group samples of Ophiocordyceps bispora were sequenced by region (ITS2) Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, in order to compare fungal diversity, richness and community structure under different altitude gradients and light intensities. A total of 445 OTUs were gained, and 3 phyla, 13 classes, 41 orders, 69 families, 66 genera and 257 fungal species were identified. Ascomycetes was the dominant phylum and Ophiocordyceps was the dominant genus. The correlation analysis between Alpha diversity index and altitude gradient showed that there were no significant correlation between fungal community diversity and richness and altitude gradient. Light intensity, vegetation type and human activities might be the main environmental factors affecting fungal community richness and diversity. The correlation analysis between fungal community and altitude gradient showed that 14 genera were positively correlated with altitude gradient. At the same time, Anosim analysis found that there were significant differences among the groups of Ophiocordyceps bispora fungal communities. The above results showed that Ophiocordyceps bispora contains rich in fungal resources. Altitude had a certain impact on Ophiocordyceps bispora community structure, but has little impact on the richness and diversity of Ophiocordyceps bispora. It is speculated that light intensities, human activities and vegetation types might be the main environmental factors affecting Ophiocordyceps bispora fungal community structure, richness and diversity. This study provided a reference for the excavation and utilization of fungal resources in Ophiocordyceps bispora microbial communities, and provided a research idea for the interaction between Cordyceps fungal communities and environment.