Abstract: Maize ear rot is a serious agricultural disease all over the world. In this paper, we select two dominant pathogens Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium grammenarum, and compare their biological characteristics, symptoms, damages and pathogenesis. Then, the identification of resistant maize germplasm, resistance inheritance and breeding of maize ear rot of two dominant pathogens are compared in detail in order to provide a scientific knowledge basis for the research and prevention of maize ear rot in China.