Abstract: Nature reserves and the community areas link up geographically and interact in diverse aspects.The Yaoshan Nature Reserve,located in Qiaojia County,Southwest China,provides the communities with jobs and pilot for ecological construction.The communities,in the face of poverty and short of fuel-wood and daily water resource,follow the reserve to manage their lands by cultivating trees on their slope lands and in the vicinities of their houses,roads and cultivated fields.The establishment of reserve benefits obviously the communities.It is found a multiple co-management system including communities and institutional departments for land and biological resources belonging to the reserve and the communities.The author also discusses the principles and scenarios for community co-management.