Abstract: Rinorea erianthera,a rare,endangered and endemic species,was discovered at the riverside of Pudu River,the first grade tributary of Jinsha River,during the investigation in Jiaozi Mountain Nature Reserve,in middle of Yunnan Province.The genera Rinorea as a new distributed record,and R.erianthera as a new distributed record species of family Violaceae in Yunnan were firstly reported.This species grows only in the region of dry-hot valley at lower Jinsha River,and it was classified as critically endangered(CR) species in the "China Species Red List".As a result of the construction of many kinds of hydropower station on the main stem and branchs of Jinsha River,its habitats has been lost rapidly,the endangered degree of this species is still intensified.It is urgent to strenuously and immediately protect the plants and their habitats.