Abstract: 15 phenotypic characters of Rosa banksiae from five natural populations in Yunnan were analyzed applying the population biological theories and methods.The results showed that variation was widely distributed among and intra-populations,Fvalue of the 15 characters were from 1.92 to 370.6,and most traits were quite significantly or significantly diversified both among and within populations;The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 15 characters was 61.10%,and the variation among populations was higher,which indicated that the variation among populations was the main source of the phenotypic variation;The Correlation analysis showed that most characters were affected by different latitudes;Five natural populations was arranged into 2 groups by UPGMAcluster analysis.