Abstract: To evaluate the value of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) electrospun nanofibers with different topographic features as a scaffold for Dorsal Root Ganglion neurons (DRGn) growth of rats,random and aligned PMMA electrospun nanofibers,and PMMA filmswere fabricated.All culture experiments were carried out five times using independently fabricated nanofibers and film samples.PC12 was used in the preliminary cell culture experiment,with PMMA film serving as the control,to reveal the difference of the growth patternsbetween the DRGn on random and aligned PMMA nanofibers.The results showed that PC12 cell and DRGn both could adhere to and grow on the nanofibers.On day 2 of culture, among PMMA films,random and aligned nanofibers,no difference was detected on average neurite number (3.3±1.6,2.9±1.2,and 3.1±1.3 respectively) and average neurite length (143.7±45.2,134.2±38.7,138.4±40.6)μm respectively).On day 3,no difference was detected on average neurite number (6.7±3.1,6.3±2.7,6.5±2.9 respectively),while DRGn on aligned nanofibers formed longer neurites (258.3±65.9,230.1±54.5,321.7±79.8)μm respectively)(p<0.05)comparing to the situation on the film and random nanofibers.Meanwhile,the topographic features of nanofibers could influence the alignment of DRGn neurites obviously,and on aligned nanofibers DRGn formed aligned neurites along the orientation of substrate nanofibers.The experiments reveal that aligned PMMA electrospun nanofibers could enhance the neurite growth of rats DRGn,and result in the alignment of neurites greatly.