Abstract: As an important factor of terrain character description,the Relief Degree of Land Surface (RDLS) has important effect on the population spatial distribution.In this paper,multi-source data like DMSP/OLS lighting data,NDVI,etc was integrated by the method of Geographical information system(GIS) and remote sensing(RS) technology,to inversing the statistical population to the population spatialization in Tuojiang River Basin,and the RDLS in basin was extracted from DEM.The relationship between population specialization and RDLS was analyzed through the analysis method of qualitative and quantitative.The results showed that the range of population spatial distribution characteristics is between 496.67km-2 and 9896.4km-2,and there is the trend of the spatial distribution characteristics which degrees as the city center to the surrounding.RDLS better reflect the terrain distribution feature of study area,its range is between 0.229 and 7.054,with the trend of decreased from north to south.The characteristics of RDLS were same as the characteristics of terrain area.There are significant negative correlation relationship between the population spatial distribution and RDLS and the scatter diagram between the two shaping the alphabet L.The relationship have a turning point when the RDLS located in 0.805,it means that the RDLS greater than 0.805,the number of population spatial distribution is sudden drop,reduce population per unit area,and present a gentle decrease the spatial distribution of momentum.Using the method of natural breakpoint to classified the RDLS to 5 level,and the population spatial distribution in different terrain area was analyzed.There was a phenomenon of significant difference of the population distribution in different terrain area.79.85% areas in total area were located in the top three levels of RDLS area,But it distribute the accounts of 88.23% population of the total population,namely,the RDLS was belonged to the interval of (0.2290.509).