Abstract: Human pressure is a key factor in the conservation planning for biodiversity systems and the setting of nature reserves.The species distribution environment information is coupled and the priority conservation habitats are further identified,after 34 optimal priority conservation counties are chosen.The human pressure index being combined with the conservation gap analysis in the 34 counties,the system of the protected areas of Yunnan Province is optimized according to the analysis of the landscape pattern of priority conservation habitats.The results show: The nature reserves only occupy 12.04% of the 34 priority counties,which is generally less than expected.Besides,the coverage rate of 14 of the 34 counties is less than 5%.Meanwhile,81.75% of the priority habitats areas have not been included in nature reserves,nor have they been protected,either; therefore there is still large space for optimizing the system of the protected areas.The overall value of human pressure index of the 34 priority counties is low,while IHP of the mentioned 14 counties is relatively high.In 4 priority counties of Kunming without nature reserves,exist the potential priority habitats in the future planning for protected areas,and so is it with 3 other counties,including Yulong,with conservation gap and a low IHP value.Therefore,more priority conservation habitats should be covered in the system of protected areas,especially the above-mentioned 7 counties.