Abstract: To study the morphological diversity of root symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of wild Rhododendron racemosum Franch., the anatomic structure and colonization rate of the mycorrhizal root were observed with paraffin section and root transparent staining. The species diversity of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil was studied by morphological identification method. The species diversity of rhododendron root symbiotic fungi was observed with morphology combining rDNA ITS sequences. The results showed that there were three types of mycorrhiza of R. racemosum, ericoid mycorrhizas (ERM) fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) fungi and dark septate endophytes (DSE). The correlation between root mycorrhizal infection rate and AMF spore density was 0.884, which showed a significant positive correlation. The strains isolated from soil samples of wild R. racemosum belonged to 4 genus and 5 species, which were Acaulospora rehmii, Gigaspora gigantea, Glomus brohultii, Glomus arenarium, Scutellospora calospora. And a mycorrhizal fungi Cryptosporiopsis ericae, a root-associated fungus, and two mycorrhizal fungi symbiotic fungis, Dreschlera sp. and Periconia sp. were isolated.