Abstract: To explore the driving factors of Apochemia cineraius Erschoft of Populus euphratica spreading in Xiahe Forest Farm in middle and lower Yeerqiang River Basin in Xinjiang, the multi-temporal and medium-resolution MODIS NDVI data from 2001 to 2016 were used to extract the pest occurrence area, the spreading law of the pest was analyzed. The results showed that the area of all grades of Apochemia cineraius had increased, and the range of occurrence had also spread year by year since 2001. The area from pest-free to insect-affected accounted for 59% of the total, and the incidence rate had exceeded 50%, which means to manage the hardest hit areas precisely is urgent. In the process of Apochemia cineraius spreading, the surface temperature played a main role, followed by the distance to the river, the third factor was the distance to the main road, and the least affecting factor was the distance from the insect source.