Abstract: Rosa disease has become one of the main limiting factors for large-scale production. Therefore, a scientific and efficient identification method of disease resistance can provide strong technical support for the screening of Rosa germplasm resources. In this paper, six Rosa germplasm resources were used as experimental materials. The content of wax in leaves was determined by chloroform extraction and GC. The ultrastructure of leaves and petals of different germplasm materials were observed by scanning electron microscope. Then the relationship between disease resistance and wax content and ultrastructure of Rosa was analyzed. The results showed that the wax content of high resistance germplasm was higher than that of susceptible germplasm, and the stomatal density and stomatal opening and closing degree were lower than those of susceptible germplasm. Therefore, leaf wax content, stomatal density and opening and closing degree can be used as the primary indexes of morphological structure for identification of disease resistance ability of Rosa germplasm resources. According to the results of wax content and the ultrastructural characteristics of leaves and petals of Rosa germplasm, the early identification of disease resistance of Rosa germplasm resources can be carried out, and the Rosa germplasm resources with different disease resistance levels can be scientifically and efficiently screened, which provides a certain scientific theoretical basis for the introduction and development of new germplasm resources and the efficient screening of disease resistance of hybrid progenies.