任亮, 史建武, 韩新宇, 封银川, 李帅, 宁平, 张朝能, 闫琨. 昭通市主城区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险研究[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(6): 1156-1165. doi: 10.7540/j.ynu.20210088
引用本文: 任亮, 史建武, 韩新宇, 封银川, 李帅, 宁平, 张朝能, 闫琨. 昭通市主城区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险研究[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 43(6): 1156-1165. doi: 10.7540/j.ynu.20210088
REN Liang, SHI Jian-wu, HAN Xin-yu, FENG Yin-chuan, LI Shuai, NING Ping, ZHANG Chao-neng, YAN Kun. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in the urban air of Zhaotong[J]. Journal of Yunnan University: Natural Sciences Edition, 2021, 43(6): 1156-1165. DOI: 10.7540/j.ynu.20210088
Citation: REN Liang, SHI Jian-wu, HAN Xin-yu, FENG Yin-chuan, LI Shuai, NING Ping, ZHANG Chao-neng, YAN Kun. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in the urban air of Zhaotong[J]. Journal of Yunnan University: Natural Sciences Edition, 2021, 43(6): 1156-1165. DOI: 10.7540/j.ynu.20210088

昭通市主城区大气挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险研究

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of VOCs in the urban air of Zhaotong

  • 摘要: 利用苏玛罐采样、大气预浓缩–气相色谱质谱联用分析技术,于2018—2019年对昭通市主城区大气挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compunds,VOCs)进行采样分析,共检测出48种VOCs. 烷烃类总质量浓度最高(51.52 µg/m3),其次是芳香烃类的质量浓度(14.24 µg/m3),烯烃类质量浓度最低(4.86 µg/m3). 其中丙烷质量浓度最高,达到10.69 µg/m3,其次为3-甲基戊烷、2-甲基戊烷、异丙苯、异戊二烯和甲苯等. 通过臭氧生成潜势(Ozone Forination Potential,OFP)计算可知,该地区芳香烃和烯烃对 OFP 贡献的占比高于烷烃,其中在不同采样点OFP表现为凤禧大饭店>蓝环公司>工业园区. 通过主成分分析法得出昭通市主城区大气中VOCs主要来自植物源和油气挥发源(53.3%),其次是机动车尾气源(27.9%)和溶剂/涂料挥发源(17.4%). 健康风险研究表明,昭通市主城区大气VOCs对人体非致癌风险和危害指数均小于1,非致癌风险较低;苯作为致癌物质对人体的终身致癌风险高于安全阈值1×10−6,存在致癌风险.

     

    Abstract: The ambient VOCs were sampled in the urban air of Zhaotong from 2018 to 2019. They were analyzed by using the method of Suma sampling, atmospheric preconcentration and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 48 kinds of VOCs were identified. The concentration of alkanes was the highest (51.52 µg/m3), followed by aromatics (14.24 µg/m3). Additionally, the concentration of olefins was the lowest (4.86 µg/m3), with the highest concentration of propane reaching 10.69 µg/m3, followed by 3-methylpentane, 2-methylpentane, cumene, isoprene and toluene. From the calculation of ozone generation potential (OFP), it can be seen that the contribution of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins to OFP in this area was higher than that of alkanes. The OFP performance at different sampling points was Fengxi Hotel > Lanhuan Company > Industrial Park. Through principal component analysis (PCA) was found out that the VOCs in the urban air of Zhaotong were mainly derived from plants and oil-gas volatilization (53.3%), followed by motor vehicle exhaust (27.9%) and solvent/paint sources (17.4%). Through the health risk assessment, it can be known that the non-carcinogenic risk and hazard index of VOCs in the urban air of Zhaotong were less than 1, showing that the non-carcinogenic risk was low. However, the value of cancer risk of the benzene to the human body was higher than the safety threshold of 1×10−6, showing that there was a risk of cancer.

     

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