Abstract: The differences of the yields of tobacco oil, polyphenols and other main components obtained by ultrasonic extraction, supercritical extraction and supercritical ultrasonic-assisted extraction were explored respectively. The yields of tobacco oil and six kinds of common tobacco polyphenols obtained by supercritical ultrasonic-assisted extraction was 67.5% and 2.51% respectively. It was obviously superior to ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. The main components of supercritical extraction and ultrasonic extraction were hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives, while there were more polyphenols and heterocyclic compounds in supercritical ultrasonic- assisted extraction of tobacco oil. The experimental results showed that the early supercritical extraction process exposed the deep fibrous tissue of tobacco leaves and opened more channels for the dissolution of polyphenols and other components. It can create good conditions for the efficient extraction of tobacco oil and polyphenols in the next step, and greatly improve the utilization rate and the added value of tobacco raw materials.