Abstract: To comprehensively and systematically study the hybrid sterility among different ecological types of Asian rice under the indica and japonica subspecies background, we analyzed the F₁ hybrid fertility of 19 Asian rice varieties, including five different ecological types as the male parents and Yunnan temperate japonica variety Dianjingyou 1 and indica rice cultivar IR64 as the female parents. Our results showed that hybrid sterility was generally present between the indica and temperate japonica subspecies, as well as between temperate japonica and tropical japonica, and some combinations of indica and indica. The degree of hybrid sterility in combinations between Aus type and Dianjingyou 1 or IR64 varied depending on the variety and its indica or japonica background. This study provides a foundation for the systematic study of the relationship between the different ecological types of Asian cultivated rice and hybrid sterility between indica and japonica, and offers evidence for understanding the differentiation of Asian cultivated rice. Additionally, it provides theoretical guidance for breeding new varieties and combinations by leveraging the abundant genetic variation in Asian cultivated rice.