Abstract: This paper elucidates the effect of mining environment on the quality of mangoes by detecting and analyzing target elements in five years mangoes (i.e. mining mangoes and common mangoes) grown in typical mining areas and common orchard in the Panxi area. Using the cultivar "Keitt" as an example, comparative analysis of the target elements of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in mangoes from different planting areas are put forward. The possible food safety problems and health risks caused by target elements in mangoes with the help of single factor pollution index (P_i), Nemero comprehensive pollution index (P_c), hazard quotient (HQ_i) and hazard index (HI) are assessed. The content of target elements in mining mangoes is generally higher than those in common mangoes, with Mg content (36.82±3.25 mg/kg) being the highest (n = 5, P > 0.05), Ca content (34.62±2.44 mg/kg) the second highest (n = 5, P < 0.01) and Hg content (0.9±0.3 μg/kg) the lowest (n = 5, P > 0.05), except for the Pb content (0.1079±0.0016 mg/kg), which is slightly higher than the national limit standard (0.10 mg/kg), the rest of the target elements do not exceed the limit standard. In terms of the pollution levels of the target elements, except for the single factor pollution index P_Pb (1.0790±0.0347 > 1.0) in the mining mangoes, which is in a lightly polluted state, and the Nemero comprehensive pollution index P_c (0.8221±0.0242 > 0.7), which exceeds the food safety alert level, the P_i values of the remaining elements and the P_c values (0.5972±0.0137) of common mangoes do not exceed the limit (1.0, 0.7), and they are in an unpolluted or safe state. Regarding the accumulation trend of the target elements, the BAF values of all elements are greater than those of the mining mangoes, except for the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Pb in common mangoes, which is lower than that of the mining mangoes. The results of the health risk assessment of food intake showed that: for the same amount of mango intake, the mining mangoes are more likely to pose a health risk than common mangoes, and children are more vulnerable to health risks than adults. In general, the mining mangoes are more polluted than common mangoes, mainly due to Pb pollution; however, the level of pollution of mining mangoes is not enough to induce health risks and they are safe to eat.