高斯函数拟合的地磁日变规律分析及改正

Analysis and correction of geomagnetic diurnal variation based on Gaussian function

  • 摘要: 地磁数据的采集精度直接影响着地磁匹配定位的准确度,地磁日变改正是获取高精度地磁数据的重要前提. 在远海以及一些远离台站有效范围的偏远区域设立日变站相对困难,而且保证日变站持续稳定的工作对日变站的设立提出了更高要求. 日变改正步骤复杂而繁琐,大多通过多台站联合改正或监测相应时刻日变站的变化实现,对于区域地磁数据采集过程的日变改正研究相对较少. 针对这些问题,文章顾及地磁静日变化存在一定周期性的特点,基于高斯拟合函数对单点位多个太阳日下的地磁场变化规律进行分析,并对区域多点的地磁场数据进行日变拟合及改正分析. 试验结果表明:在一定区域范围内高斯函数拟合得到的点位磁场的静日变化能够满足地磁日变改正精度,拟合误差在几个nT以内,中误差也不超过10 nT;区域点位实验中,将高斯函数拟合获得的日变改正值与常规方法获得的日变改正值进行对比,其中82.3%的点位日变改正值的差值在±5 nT以内. 因此,基于高斯函数拟合的地磁日变改正分析能够根据观测时间获得相应区域的日变改正估值,实现日变改正,获得高精度地磁数据,为地磁匹配定位提供了基础.

     

    Abstract: The accuracy of geomagnetic data acquisition directly affects the accuracy of geomagnetic matching and positioning. Geomagnetic diurnal variation correction is an important prerequisite for obtaining high-precision geomagnetic data. For example, it is relatively difficult to set up Geomagnetism Observation Base Station in the high seas and some remote areas which are far away from the effective range of stations, and ensuring the continuous and stable work of the Geomagnetism Observation Base Station puts forward higher requirements for the establishment. The steps of the correction of geomagnetic diurnal variation are complex and cumbersome, which are mostly realized by joint correction the geomagnetic diurnal variation of multiple stations or monitoring the change value of a station at the corresponding time. There are relatively few studies on geomagnetic diurnal variation correction in the process of regional measured geomagnetic data acquisition. To solve these problems, considering the characteristics of geomagnetic static diurnal variation with solar diurnal variation, the geomagnetic field variation law under multiple solar days at a single point and the geomagnetic field data at multiple points are fitted and corrected based on Gaussian fitting function. The experimental results show that the static diurnal variation of geomagnetic fitted by Gaussian function can meet the correction accuracy of geomagnetic diurnal variation in a certain region, and the fitting error is within a few nates, and the mean square error is no more than 10 nT. The correction value of geomagnetic diurnal variation fitted by Gaussian function in the region is compared with that obtained by conventional method, the difference of 82.3% is within ±5 nT. The geomagnetic diurnal variation correction analysis based on Gaussian function fitting can quickly obtain the estimation of the diurnal variation correction value according to the measurement time, realize geomagnetic diurnal variation correction, and obtain high-precision geomagnetic data, which provides the basis for geomagnetic matching and positioning.

     

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