Abstract: The dust weather occurs frequently in Cele County, the southern margin of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, therefore, the methods of field observation and mathematical statistics are used to study, inside and outside the oasis, the spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric dust removal in the process of oasisization, and the difference between farm-soil’s physical and chemical properties. The results show that: ① The time distribution of atmospheric dust fall in Cele is more in spring and summer, and relatively less in autumn and winter. ② Cele atmospheric dust fall shows a decreasing trend with the growing of heights. During the observation period between May 2019 and May 2021, the dust-falls obtained from the observation points at the heights of 0.5 m, 1 m and 3 m show that they increase from desert sand to the oasis edge with the increase of natural vegetation coverage; while inside the oasis, near surface atmospheric dust demonstrates a trend of gradual decrease, due to blocking effects by the net of tall and dense shelter forests, crops and houses. ③ The separation of each height of atmospheric dust removal is good. The average particle size of atmospheric dust removal is between 65.21−87.07 μm, and the average separation coefficient is between 1.63−2.06. Besides, the average sorting coefficient of soil is between 1.47−2.25, which is medium-poor sorting. ④ In the atmospheric dust removal, the content of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and quick phosphorus are lower than those in soil, and the organic matter content in the oasis, obtained at Daxiancheng observation point, is the largest, at 220.13 g/kg. The average contents of ammonium nitrogen in atmospheric dust and soil are respectively 16.28 mg/kg and 18.05 mg/kg; and the average contents of atmospheric dust and soil quick phosphorus are respectively 12.440 mg/kg and 36.387 mg/kg. The effective potassium content of atmospheric dust fall is significantly higher than that of soil, with the average values of about 55.50 mg/kg and 14.07 mg/kg. During the process of oasis development, the reclamation age and vegetation coverage of different underlying surfaces inside and outside the oasis have an important influence on the spatial difference of atmospheric dust removal and soil.