Abstract: The deep structural characteristics and geodynamic issues of Tibetan Plateau have long been a hot topic in Earth sciences, with many controversies still unresolved. This study analyzes the spatial distribution of gravity and magnetic anomalies in Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, based on such latest high-resolution global models as the EMAG2 magnetic anomaly model, the SGG-UGM-2 gravity field model, and the ETOPO 2022 topography model. Additionally, the optimized frequency-domain filtering methods are applied to conduct an in-depth study on the lateral structural features of gravity and magnetic anomaly fields at different depths. The results show that: ① The spatial distribution map of gravity and magnetic anomalies demonstrates that Tibetan Plateau exhibits weak or negative magnetic anomalies and strong negative Bouguer gravity anomalies, while the surrounding blocks display strong positive magnetic anomalies and positive Bouguer gravity anomalies. The spatial distribution of gravity and magnetic anomalies is generally consistent with the lithospheric structural characteristics of the region. ② The results of low-frequency gravity and magnetic anomalies reveal that the deep material beneath Tibetan Plateau has high temperatures and low densities, and the expansion and upwelling of weak molten material have caused crustal uplift and thickening. ③ The medium-scale magnetic anomaly data indicate that the middle and lower crust flow in Tibetan Plateau moves from west to east, but is obstructed by surrounding blocks and gradually flows southeastward. ④ The medium-scale Bouguer gravity anomaly data suggest that, in the west, the northern subduction boundary of the Indian Plate reaches the west of Hoh Xil block, the east of Pamir Plateau, and the Longmu Co‒Shihu suture; its central part extends to the Bangong Co fault, Bacho fault, Yarlung Tsangpo fault, and Nujiang fault; and its east reaches the eastern regions of the Qiangtang block and Songpan‒Ganzi block.