双(吲哚-3-基)甲烷衍生物的简便合成

Concise synthesis of bis(indol-3-yl)methane derivatives

  • 摘要: 建立了以N-甲基吲哚1和烯胺酮类化合物2为原料,以二(三氟乙酰氧基)碘代苯 (PIFA) 为氧化剂、无水醋酸铜做催化剂,在甲苯溶液中回流反应3 h,三组分“一锅法”合成了功能化的双(吲哚-3-基)甲烷衍生物 (3,3'-BIMs) 3. 该方法充分利用了烯胺酮双键的亲电性,首先与1分子的吲哚在PIFA氧化下形成吲哚氮自由基,该自由基通过共振平衡为吲哚C-3位自由基,此自由基对烯胺酮的不饱和双键进行迈克尔加成,然后再经过亚胺−烯胺互变异构及氧化脱出苯胺基团形成α,β-不饱和酮中间体. 该中间体与另一分子吲哚类化合物发生迈克尔加成反应得3,3'-BIMs. 所合成的产物均经1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS表征. 研究表明,该方法具有原料易得,操作简单,路线简洁等特点,为筛选具有潜在生物活性的双(吲哚-3-基)甲烷衍生物提供了新的合成方法.

     

    Abstract: This article establishes a novel synthetic method utilizing N-methylindole (1) and enamine ketones (2) as starting materials. The oxidation is facilitated by di(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene (PIFA), with anhydrous copper acetate serving as the catalyst. The reaction proceeds under reflux in toluene for 3 hours, resulting in a three-component "one-pot" synthesis of functionalized bis(indole-3-yl)methane derivatives (3,3'-BIMs) (3). This methodology capitalizes on the electrophilic character of the double bond (enamine ketones 2), enabling it to undergo a Michael reaction with one molecule of indole derivatives 1. Following this, the resulting intermediates are oxidized by PIFA, which promotes the elimination of the aniline group from the enamine ketone, yielding α, β-unsaturated ketones. These α, β-unsaturated ketones subsequently engage in a second Michael reaction with another indole derivatives 1, culminating in the formation of 3,3'-BIMs. The synthesized products were characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analyses. This research highlights the method's advantages, including the accessibility of starting materials, ease of operation, and a streamlined synthetic route, thereby providing a promising approach for the synthesis and screening of bis(indole-3-yl)methane derivatives with potential biological activities.

     

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