Abstract: Strawberries are highly susceptible to various kinds of pathogens during planting, especially fungal and oomycetal pathogens. Therefore, this review systematically analyses literature on the diversity of pathogens that cause strawberry fungal and oomycetal diseases. Currently, there are approximately 236 species, belonging to 88 different genera, that have been identified as pathogens of strawberries and have been found to cause these specific diseases. Furthermore, the molecular biological methods for detection and identification of strawberry fungal and oomycetal diseases were introduced, and the recognition methods of these diseases were also briefly expounded. Based on the clear identification of pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, the antagonistic microorganisms and their biological products, biological control agents or fungicides, and plant extracts or essential oils used to control fungal and oomycetal diseases were systematically reviewed. In addition, the future research directions on the fungal and oomycetal diseases and their biological control in strawberry planting were also proposed. This review provides systematic literature support and future research directions for researchers on the isolation, classification, and identification of pathogens causing strawberry fungal and oomycetal diseases, the isolation and screening of biocontrol microorganisms, as well as the development and application of biocontrol agents.