天麻4种巴利森苷UPLC-MS/MS含量测定及品质特征分析

Quantitative analysis of four parishin compounds in Gastrodia elata by UPLC-MS/MS and evaluation of quality characteristics

  • 摘要: 通过建立超高效液相色谱−三重四级杆串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定天麻中4种巴利森苷含量,分别采用描述性统计、熵权法结合灰色关联度模型、因子分析、聚类及夹角余弦相关性分析法,评价不同产地25份天麻样品中巴利森苷含量的差异及其产地间的关系. 结果显示:①天麻中4种巴利森苷(A、B、C、E)在检测范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R20.9974),精密度RSD≤5.0%,重复性RSD≤4.9%,加标回收率在80%~95%之间;②描述性统计显示不同产地天麻样品中,4种成分的含量差异较大,其中辽宁沈阳产(01#)巴利森苷总量最高(29.291 mg/g),云南昭通产(08#)样品中巴利森苷总量最低(8.666 mg/g);③熵权法结合灰色关联度统计显示,云南昭通(05#)、云南昭通(11#)和云南保山(21#)出产的天麻品质分别位列前3位;④对因子分析得分进行聚类分析,阈值为20时25份样品分为3类,根据3类样品的载荷得分,采用夹角余弦相关性分析各指标对分类的影响,结果显示巴利森苷A、B、C、E和总量与第1类具有显著负相关关系;巴利森苷E对第2类具有显著正相关关系;巴利森苷B、C和总量与第3类聚类具有显著正相关关系. 研究结果表明,不同产地天麻样品中巴利森苷含量差异较大,居群内差异明显,总体显示聚类1和2类样品的品质优于第3类,这为不同产地天麻药材的品质评价和优质种源筛选提供基础依据.

     

    Abstract: This study established an UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry) method to quantify four parishin compounds in Gastrodia elata. Descriptive statistics, the entropy weight method combined with a grey relational analysis model, factor analysis, clustering, and cosine similarity analysis were employed to assess differences in parishin content across 25 Gastrodia elata samples from different regions and explore the relationships among their geographical origins. The results showed that ① The four parishin compounds (A, B, C, and E) demonstrated good linearity within the tested range (R20.9974), with precision RSD≤5.0%, repeatability RSD≤4.9%, and spiked recovery rates ranging from 80% to 95%; ② Descriptive statistics revealed significant variation in the content of the four compounds among samples from different regions. The sample from Shenyang, Liaoning (01#) had the highest total parishin content (29.291 mg/g), while the sample from Zhaotong, Yunnan (08#) had the lowest (8.666 mg/g); ③ The entropy weight method combined with grey relational analysis indicated that the top three quality samples were from Zhaotong, Yunnan (05#), Zhaotong, Yunnan (11#), and Baoshan, Yunnan (21#); ④ Cluster analysis based on factor analysis scores grouped the 25 samples into three categories at a threshold of 20. Cosine similarity analysis of the variable loadings revealed that parishin A, B, C, E, and total content were significantly negatively correlated with category 1; parishin E showed a significant positive correlation with category 2; and parishin B, C, and total content were significantly positively correlated with category 3. These findings demonstrate significant variability in parishin content across Gastrodia elata samples from different origins, with notable differences within groups. Overall, the quality of samples in clusters 1 and 2 was superior to those in cluster 3. The results provide a scientific foundation for quality evaluation and the selection of superior germplasm sources of Gastrodia elata from different production areas.

     

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