多模式动态权重集成降水预报在云南的应用与评估

Application and evaluation of a multi-model dynamic-weighting ensemble precipitation forecast method in Yunnan

  • 摘要: 针对云南复杂地形区数值模式降水预报的系统性偏差,本文构建并评估了一种结合频率匹配法(FMM)与多模式动态权重集成的预报方法. 2024年独立样本检验显示,该集成预报通过精确模拟降水振幅,有效克服了单一模式的系统性偏差问题. 相比各单一模式,其晴雨预报准确率更高,各量级TS及Bias评分最优,空报率显著下降. 个例检验亦证实其在强降水落区和强度预报上的优势. 该集成方法为提升云南复杂地形区降水预报尤其是关键的强降水预报技巧提供了有效途径.

     

    Abstract: To address the systematic biases in numerical model precipitation forecasts over the complex terrain of Yunnan, this study develops and evaluates a forecast method combining the Frequency Matching Method (FMM) with a multi-model dynamic-weighting ensemble approach. Independent sample tests for 2024 show that the ensemble forecast effectively overcomes the systematic biases of individual models by accurately simulating the precipitation amplitude. Compared to individual models, it achieves higher rain/no-rain accuracy, optimal Threat Scores (TS) and Bias scores across all precipitation levels, and a significantly lower false alarm ratio. Case studies further confirm its advantages in forecasting the location and intensity of heavy precipitation. This integrated method provides an effective pathway for enhancing the forecast skill for precipitation, particularly for critical heavy rainfall events, in the complex terrain of Yunnan.

     

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