Abstract: The predominant summer strawberry cultivar 'Monterey' exhibits poor fresh-eating quality. The regulatory mechanisms by which different pollen treatments affect fruit quality in winter strawberries remain unclear. This study used 'Monterey' and 15 winter strawberry cultivars as experimental materials to investigate metaxenia and the effects of different pollination treatments on fruit quality. Pollen viability under various storage conditions was measured, and treatments including single-paternal pollination and mixed-pollen pollination at different ratios were established. The results showed that storage at 4 ℃ significantly delayed pollen viability decline, with an average reduction of only 7.55% within two weeks, whereas viability decreased by 49.32% at room temperature (20−25 ℃). Different paternal pollen sources exerted varying effects on 'Monterey' fruit quality. Pollination with 'Miaoxiang No. 7' pollen increased individual fruit weight and sugar content by 36.3% and 37.6%, respectively, and significantly improved fresh-eating taste, demonstrating notable paternal specificity of the metaxenia effect. Pollination methods significantly influenced fruit quality. Mixed pollination outperformed single pollination in enhancing fruit quality. Two-pollen synergistically enhanced the metaxenia effect, producing optimal fruit quality. Three-pollen mixtures exhibited competitive effects, resulting in greater fruit quality variation and significantly reduced quality parameters. This study identified optimal storage conditions for strawberry pollen and the most effective pollination combinations, providing a practical approach for short-term improvement of strawberry fruit quality and theoretical basis for understanding metaxenia in strawberries.