Abstract: Panax notognseng(Burk.) is a medicinal material in Yunnan.The contents of microelements in soils and in the root of Panax notognseng from various regions were analysed.The relationship between authenticity of Panax notognseng and the contents of microelements in soil was discussed.The contents of microelements in soil samples and in the samples of root of Panax notognseng were analyzed with ICP-AES and the data were treated and compared with SPSS 11.5 software.The soils in authentic planting contain high silicon and low cadmium content.And the root of Panax notognseng contains high zinc and manganese content.The contents of microelements in root of Panax nogognseng and in soil with different geological background are different.The contents of Fe and Ba in the root of Panax notognseng show a positive interrelationship with those in soil(P0.01).The contents of Al,Mn,B and Pb in the root of Panax notognsent show a significant positive interrelationship with those in soil(P0.05).It is identified that Geological background of soil plays an important role in forming authenticity of Panax notognseng.