Abstract: Based on the “3414” partial field experiment,effects of combined application of N,P and K fertilizers on physiology and agronomic traits,as well as nutrient efficiency of industrial hemp cultivar Yunnan hemp 1 were investigated to provide reference for rational fertilization in industrial hemp cultivation.The results showed that N,P and K nutrient efficiency decreased by the increase of the fertilizer.The best nutrient efficiency was observed with the combination of moderate N,low P and moderate P.This combination of N,P and K fertilization significantly promoted nitrogen metabolism and assimilation,optimized dry matter distribution,increased the dry matter in the bast and the thickness of bast,therefore,increased the bast fiber yield.It is concluded that N,P and K fertilizers affect the growth of industrial hemp in many ways,so the amount of fertilizers and the balance amount of different fertilizers should be determined by consideration of crop yield and nutrient efficiency.