Abstract: Based on the observation data of the Black Carbon aerosol (BC) mass concentration of the Zhengzhou Atmospheric Background Station in the last 6 years (2006—2011), and combined with the surface meteorological observation data, the daily variation characteristics of the BC mass concentration of the station during the four seasons were analyzed, and harmonic analysis was used to explore the daily variation characteristics of BC mass concentration and main meteorological elements (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) on the ground in each season. The results show that: ① The annual average value of BC mass concentration in Zhengzhou is relatively high. The diurnal variation shows a “double-peak type” in high-BC mass concentration seasons (autumn and winter), and a “single-peak type” in low-BC mass concentration seasons (spring and summer); ② The daily variations of meteorological elements in the four seasons show a “single-peak type”, in which the moment of high BC mass concentration corresponds to the moment of low surface temperature, high surface relative humidity and low surface wind speed; ③ Harmonic analysis found that the daily variation of BC mass concentration had a period of 24 h + 12 h in autumn and winter, and an obvious 24 h cycle in spring and summer; ④ The 24 h cycle of the daily variations of meteorological elements at the station were significant and all are ahead of the BC mass concentration by 1—2 h, which suggested that meteorological elements could affect the BC mass concentration.