Abstract: To reveal the spatial and temporal distribution variation characteristics of drought and flood of China,the drought or flood data of 100 stations in China from 1470 to 1996 were analyzed by using statistical analysis methods,such as overlapping average,EOF expansion,spectral analysis,and so on.There are two main features about the spatial and temporal distribution variation as follows:(1) on the one hand,as far as temporal variation is concerned,the variation of dryness and wetness in China has significant period which is about (24.75) years,and it has been become more and more drought gradually since 1800;(2) on the other hand,from the space point of views,the main type of drought and flood in China on spatial distribution is latitudinal pattern,and the center of south and north is different because the latter has only one center but the former includes two centers,namely southeast and southwest.