Abstract: The dry-hot river valleys are mainly distributed in the Jinsha River, Yuanjiang River, Nujiang River and other major river basins in the southwest region of China. Due to severe soil erosion, sparse vegetation, dry and hot climate, and poor soil quality, they have become typical ecologically fragile areas with difficult vegetation restoration. Clarifying the coupling relationship between vegetation and environmental factors has important guiding significance for the practice of vegetation restoration in the dry-hot river valleys. Based on previous studies, this article systematically expounds the interaction mechanism between vegetation restoration and environmental ecological factors in this region: Vegetation restoration can improve soil structure and regulate local climate to affect the environment, while the dynamic changes of environmental factors such as climate, soil and terrain directly regulate the distribution pattern and growth pattern of plant communities. At the same time, in the research on vegetation restoration, it is also necessary to strengthen the exploration of soil action mechanisms and the construction of vegetation communities, and focus on the impact of water and heat dynamic changes on vegetation growth. Revealing the internal regulatory mechanisms at multiple scales can provide scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological restoration in this region.